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Essentials

Everything You Need to Know When Traveling to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is located in the heart of Southeast Europe and was once the geographical center of former Yugoslavia. Even today, in many ways, this small Balkan country represents a cultural and demographic synthesis of that former union. Among all the former republics, Bosnia and Herzegovina has remained the most ethnically and culturally diverse.

Within a relatively small area, markedly different climate zones meet—ranging from cold, mountainous continental conditions in the interior to mild, dry Mediterranean weather in the south. Geography and climate have profoundly shaped the people of this land. A resilient, creative highland culture emerged here, preserving a rare balance between people and nature that is increasingly uncommon in Europe today. This powerful synergy of natural and cultural heritage makes Bosnia and Herzegovina one of Europe’s most intriguing and still underexplored travel destinations.

Basic Information

  • Country name: Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Location: Southeast Europe
  • Borders: Croatia (932 km), Serbia (312 km), Montenegro (215 km)
  • Area: 51,129 km²
  • Official languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
  • Population: Approx. 3.8 million
  • Religions: Muslims (45%), Orthodox Christians (32%), Roman Catholics (15%), Others (8%)
  • Capital city: Sarajevo (approx. 400,000 inhabitants)
  • Major cities: Banja Luka, Tuzla, Zenica, Mostar, Bihać
  • Administrative division: Two entities – Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (10 cantons) and Republika Srpska
  • Highest peak: Mount Maglić, 2,386 m (Sutjeska National Park)
  • National parks: Sutjeska, Una, Kozara
  • Nature parks: Blidinje, Tajan
  • Bird reserves: Hutovo Blato, Bardača
  • Time zone: CET (GMT +1)
  • Currency: Convertible Mark (BAM)
  • International dialing code: +387

Climate

Bosnia and Herzegovina lies at the crossroads of Mediterranean and Alpine climatic influences, creating an exceptionally diverse climate mosaic. Southern parts of the country enjoy warm, sunny, and dry summers with very mild winters. Central and northern regions experience a more Central European climate, with warm summers, fresh springs and autumns, and cold winters with abundant snowfall.

The central Dinaric mountain range creates its own microclimate, characterized by long, harsh winters, while the transition zone between Mediterranean and continental climates supports ecosystems rarely found elsewhere in Europe.

Getting There

By air:

Sarajevo is connected to major European cities through international flights.
Main airport: Sarajevo International Airport – www.sarajevo-airport.ba

By train and bus:

Regular rail and bus connections exist from Croatia (Zagreb, Split, Dubrovnik), Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad), Hungary (Budapest), and Austria (Vienna, Graz). Bus connections are frequent and reliable, especially to Sarajevo, Mostar, and Banja Luka.

By ferry:

From Italy, ferries operate to Split or Dubrovnik in Croatia, with onward bus connections into Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Visas

Citizens of European Union countries, the United States, and Canada may enter Bosnia and Herzegovina without a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Citizens of Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro may enter with a national ID card. Travelers from other countries should check visa requirements with Bosnian diplomatic missions.

Registration within 24 hours of arrival is required, though this is usually handled by accommodation providers.

Safety

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a relatively low rate of violent crime, and visitors are rarely targeted. Pickpocketing can occur in larger cities, especially on public transport. If traveling by car, it is recommended to use supervised parking facilities.

Landmines – Important Notice

Urban and populated areas are cleared and safe. However, some rural and mountainous areas—particularly former frontlines—may still be affected by landmines. Stay on marked paths and consider hiring local guides when hiking or exploring nature.

Healthcare

The most modern hospitals and clinics are located in Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar, and Tuzla. Private clinics generally offer higher standards of care but usually require cash payment. Travel health insurance is strongly recommended.

Important Phone Numbers

  • Emergency medical services: 124
  • Police: 122
  • Fire brigade: 123
  • Road assistance: 1282 / 1288

Local Customs and Etiquette

Bosnians and Herzegovinians are widely known for their genuine hospitality. Being invited into someone’s home or offered help without expectation is not unusual. Bargaining at markets is common.

Shoes are often removed when entering private homes. Tipping is not mandatory, but around 10% is customary. When visiting religious sites, appropriate dress is expected.

In Herzegovina, it is advisable to use the full country name—Bosnia and Herzegovina—as shortening it may be perceived as disrespectful.

Travel Slowly

Bosnia and Herzegovina is not a destination to rush through. It reveals itself through conversation, long coffees, unhurried walks, mountains that reward patience, and people who value sincerity. Relax, respect the place and its customs—and you will receive far more than you expected.